Food security is the biggest country. Ensuring the stable and safe supply of food and important agricultural products has always been the top priority of building a powerful agricultural country. To do a good job in this "top priority", General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed the need to make efforts at both the "addition" and "subtraction" of grain at the same time, while implementing the improvement of grain production capacity, we should do a good job in grain post-production services, and make China's rice bowls more secure and stable. As an important grain producing province in China, Henan bears the important task of ensuring national food security. In recent years, Henan Province has conscientiously implemented the relevant decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, continuously increased the efforts to save and reduce grain post-production, and achieved positive results. However, the task of saving and reducing losses in all links of the post-production industrial chain of grain is still heavy, and there are "running and dripping" in all links ". Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the current situation of grain post-production service in Henan Province and put forward the improvement plan to make up for the short board of grain post-production service in Henan Province and ensure the national food security.

1. Status of Post-natal Food Service in Henan Province in China

Focusing on the strategic goals of maintaining and managing the "Central Plains Granary" and "Large Provincial Reserve", Henan Province attaches great importance to the work of grain saving and loss reduction, and in accordance with the requirements of the "Implementation Opinions of Henan Province on Comprehensively Strengthening Resource Conservation Work", earnestly implement the work of saving and loss reduction in grain circulation. Through continuous efforts in recent years, the loss rate of grain circulation links in Henan has dropped significantly. According to the statistical survey results of Grain and Oil Market News in 2023, the grain storage loss of farmers in Henan Province has dropped from 8% ~ 10% ten years ago to about 3%, of which the wheat loss rate is about 4%, the rice loss rate is about 1.8, the corn loss rate is about 3.5, and the soybean loss rate is about 1.5. The comprehensive loss and loss rate of grain storage enterprises is stable within 0.5.

Current situation of construction of post-natal food service system in (I). In order to strengthen the management of the construction project of the grain post-production service system of the "High-quality Grain Project", improve the efficiency of the use of special funds for the construction of the grain post-production service system, and ensure the smooth implementation of the construction project, Henan Province issued the "Henan Province Grain Post-production Service system Construction Project Management measures" in 2018 to strengthen the construction and management of the grain post-production service center. The grain post-production service center takes grain storage enterprises, grain and oil processing enterprises and farmers' cooperatives as the main construction bodies to ensure that there are more than two construction bodies in a county. The grain post-production service center provides farmers with services of "cleaning, drying, storage, processing and sales", so as to improve the level of agricultural professional services.

Status of food storage services in (II). One is to transform the warehouse capacity. In the past two years, Henan Province has transformed a total of nearly 1 million tons of storage capacity, especially in view of the high loss rate and quality deterioration of regular storage in the grain storage link, the implementation of green grain storage promotion action. The province's low-temperature, quasi-low-temperature, controlled-atmosphere grain storage capacity reaches 6.71 million tons, ensuring high quality and high efficiency in the storage process and keeping the grain in a new state. The second is the inspection and rectification of grain storage problems. In accordance with the regulatory requirements of "double random and one open", inspections of summer and autumn grain purchases, local grain reserves, grain and oil stocks, etc. were carried out to investigate and solve food security risks in a timely manner. In 2023, a total of 71 inspections were organized and carried out. In the policy grain and oil inventory inspection, 519 grain storage points were comprehensively inspected, 794 problems were found, and 778 were rectified.

Status of food purchasing services in (III). First, we will resolutely win the battle against grain purchases. During the summer grain harvest in 2023, there was a large area of continuous rainy weather in our province, and the problems of grain germination and germination of wheat in some areas. In order to effectively deal with the impact of extreme weather and resolutely win the battle of grain purchase, the grain and material reserve system has purchased 30.28 billion jin of wheat in the whole province and 8.456 billion jin at the market price, keeping the bottom line sold by grain farmers. The second is to crack down on illegal acquisitions. The Henan Provincial Grain and Material Reserve Bureau and the market supervision department jointly formulated the ''Implementation Plan for Deepening the Comprehensive Supervision of Grain Purchase and Sell'', established a joint supervision and cooperation mechanism, and carried out joint law enforcement inspections with market supervision departments in summer and autumn grain purchases, and severely cracked down on arrears. Violations of laws and regulations such as farmers' grain sales, pressure levels and prices.

Status of food processing services in (IV). The Provincial Grain and Material Reserve Bureau and the Provincial Department of Finance took the lead in issuing the "Implementation Plan on Deepening the High-quality Grain Project" in the country, clearly stipulating that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, 0.3 billion yuan of financial funds will be allocated each year to support the technology of grain and oil processing enterprises Upgrade and equipment upgrade. Up to now, Henan has supported grain and oil processing enterprises to implement 116 projects, with a total investment of more than 1.62 billion yuan. These measures have optimized the supply and demand structure of grain and oil products and comprehensively improved the integrity, tightness and rationality of the province's grain industry chain. The rapid development of grain and oil enterprises, grain and oil brand building also achieved remarkable results. The Provincial Grain and material Reserve Bureau carried out the selection of "Henan good grain and oil" products, and identified a total of 295 "Henan good grain and oil" products.

2. Henan Province Grain Postpartum Service Highlights Short Board

There are some blocking points in the "integration of production and marketing" of (I) farmers. One is the loss of grain storage caused by farmers' reluctance to sell. In recent years, due to the impact of external factors such as the new crown epidemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war, energy prices and food product prices have risen significantly, and the phenomenon of delayed sales after delivery by farmers has increased. According to the author's field survey in 2022, farmers have high expectations of corn price increases in the later period, and they are reluctant to sell. Some farmers delay corn sales. According to song Germany, a farmer in Taxian County, about 10% of the farmers around him have already sold corn, 10 percentage points lower than usual. Compared with ordinary households, the grain storage and delayed sales of large-scale households are more obvious. Due to the poor storage facilities of farmers, the increase in self-storage of "grain on the ground" has led to an increase in the cost of grain storage and an increase in the storage loss of corn. Second, the sales interests of some farmers were damaged. There are some illegal behaviors such as shoddy goods and carrying private goods, which seriously affect the quality of grain and market order. At the same time, there are some weak links in the supervision and management of the grain market, which leads to some violations.

There are some shortcomings in (II) grain storage and logistics. First, the aging of storage facilities and insufficient storage capacity. Most of the grain storage facilities in Henan Province were established in the earlier period, and the facilities were aging and obsolete. The aging degree of these storage facilities is high, which can not meet the needs of modern grain storage, such as temperature, humidity, ventilation and other aspects of the control is difficult to meet the standard, resulting in the quality of grain storage is difficult to guarantee. Second, the level of warehouse management needs to be improved. The management level of some grain storage units in Henan Province is relatively low, and there are some problems such as non-standard management and inadequate supervision. For example, the monitoring and regulation of the grain storage environment is not timely and accurate, which can easily lead to the occurrence of grain moldy, insect pests and other problems; the low degree of warehousing information and backward management methods affect the management efficiency of grain inventory and circulation. Third, the transportation network is not perfect and the level of logistics information is low. Although Henan Province is located in the central part of China and has convenient transportation, there are still some problems in grain transportation. The transportation network is not developed enough, especially the transportation infrastructure such as roads and railways connecting rural and remote areas needs to be further improved. This leads to the low efficiency of grain transportation and the large loss in the transportation process, which affects the quality of post-production service of grain; the information level of some grain logistics enterprises in Henan Province is relatively low, and the logistics information is not smooth and opaque. It is difficult to realize the whole process of visual management, which leads to inaccurate and untimely information in the process of grain transportation, and it is difficult to realize the timely allocation and guarantee of grain.

(III) Henan grain and oil intensive processing and brand building there are some deficiencies. One is the lack of deep processing. The grain and oil industry in Henan Province uses grain, oil and other agricultural products as the main raw materials, but it is relatively lacking in deep processing. Many enterprises are still stuck in the simple processing link, lack of deep processing capacity of grain and oil products. Due to the insufficient level of intensive processing, the products produced by enterprises are of a single type and low added value, which makes it difficult to meet the market demand for diversified and high value-added products. Second, there is a big gap between the grain and oil enterprises in Henan Province in brand building. Many companies lack innovation in product positioning, packaging design, and marketing, and their brand image is not prominent enough to compete with well-known brands at home and abroad. In addition, the lack of strong brand promotion strategy and resource investment makes the market influence and popularity of enterprises not high, and the market share is small.

3. policy recommendations

The (I) continues to cultivate the main body of food post-production service center to provide farmers with food "five generations" service. The first is to focus on construction entities such as grain storage enterprises, grain and oil processing enterprises, and farmer cooperatives, and continue to promote the formation and cultivation of the main body of grain post-production service centers. The second is to provide support in terms of construction land, funds, equipment renewal, and talent support to promote the continuous improvement of the "five generations" service capabilities of the main body of the grain post-production service center in grain cleaning, drying, storage, processing and sales.

(II) continue to optimize food reserves. First, we should pay attention to the investment in scientific and technological grain storage and storage facilities, actively introduce advanced grain storage technology and equipment, promote the intelligence and automation of the grain storage process, and improve the scientific and technological content and efficiency of grain storage. The second is to strengthen the construction of warehouse management team, through training and learning, improve the professional quality and skill level of management personnel, so that they have superb warehouse management skills and rich operation experience. The third is to establish a "province-city-county" three-level food emergency management system, relying on the food emergency security center to improve the emergency security capabilities in response to emergencies.

(III) improve the ability of grain deep processing and brand building. One is to enhance the grain processing capacity of enterprises. Introduce advanced processing technology and equipment, including automated and intelligent production lines and equipment, to improve processing efficiency and product quality. Strengthen communication and collaboration with suppliers and partners to optimize and integrate the supply chain and ensure the timely supply and stable quality of raw materials. The second is to actively promote the brand building of Henan grain and oil. Strengthen the formulation of standards and release the "Yumai" standard to create a high-quality wheat brand in Henan. Taking the National Modern Logistics Industrial Park as the carrier, a grain industry agglomeration development zone integrating grain "production-purchase-storage-addition-sales" will be established in the province. Cultivate and create a group of brands with high recognition, strong influence and good reputation to increase product market share.

(IV) the interests of farmers and grain buyers and risk linkage mechanism. One is to ensure that farmers can sell their grain after growing it. Agriculture-related enterprises can be supported to adopt the contract agriculture model to ensure that farmers can sell the bottom line after planting grain. The second is to explore the establishment of a risk-sharing mechanism between farmers and grain purchasers. Such as making full use of the price discovery and risk aversion function of the futures market, improving the grain futures trading market, so as to alleviate the fluctuation of grain prices, protect the income of grain farmers and promote the timely sale and entry of grain after harvest. For example, the construction of a multi-dimensional insurance system for the whole process of grain production and marketing will significantly enhance the risk resistance of new agricultural operators in the grain category. Clarify the responsibility boundaries of the relevant subjects of food price insurance, and build a three-level premium sharing mechanism for central finance, local finance and new agricultural business entities. Strengthen the promotion of food price insurance, enhance the awareness and willingness of new agricultural business entities to participate in insurance, and solve the realistic dilemma of the relative lack of food price insurance. Gradually incorporate food price insurance into the policy agricultural insurance catalog, and give full play to the policy effect of food price insurance to stabilize income expectations and food production.